RESUMO
The genus Cyathus was established in 1768, but more in-depth taxonomic studies with the group only occurred after 1844. In the following years, changes in the infrageneric classification of Cyathus were proposed based mainly on morphology. With advances in phylogenetic studies, the morphological classifications were tested and a new subdivision into three groups was proposed in 2007. Based on the last two classifications, this work aims to expand and understand the internal phylogenetic relationships among the fungi of the genus Cyathus and examine how these relationships are reflected in the taxonomic classification, through molecular analyses covering most of the species in the group, based on materials obtained from type specimens deposited in major fungal collections worldwide, besides expanding sampling with tropical species. Molecular analyses followed the protocols available in the literature, including the design of specific primers for Cyathus. In the phylogenetic analysis, using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods, sequences of ITS and LSU regions from 41 samples of 39 species of Cyathus, 26 were placed with some nomenclatural types. The monophyly of Cyathus was confirmed with maximum support in both tests, and the infrageneric groups of the most recent classification were unchanged, but the clade striatum showed segregation into four groups and three subgroups. The phylogenetic organization is supported morphological characters, and diagnoses are presented for each group, as well as a dichotomous key for the infrageneric separation.
RESUMO
Calvatia is a genus of gasteroid fungi, comprising about 47 species worldwide. In this paper we report the second worldwide occurrence of two poorly known species of Calvatia, recorded in the Cerrado biome of Brazil: C. oblongispora and C. nodulata. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations, including scanning electron micrographs of hyphae and basidiospores are provided, as well a discussion on their taxonomy and geographic distribution.
Calvatia é um gênero de fungos gasteroides que compreende cerca de 47 espécies em todo o mundo. Neste artigo relatamos a segunda ocorrência de duas espécies pouco conhecidas de Calvatia, registradas no bioma Cerrado do Brasil: C. oblongispora e C. nodulata. Descrições morfológicas detalhadas e ilustrações são fornecidas, incluindo micrografias eletrônicas de varredura de hifas e basidiósporos, bem como uma discussão sobre sua taxonomia e distribuição geográfica.
Assuntos
Animais , Agaricales/classificação , Agaricales/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Abstract Calvatia is a genus of gasteroid fungi, comprising about 47 species worldwide. In this paper we report the second worldwide occurrence of two poorly known species of Calvatia, recorded in the Cerrado biome of Brazil: C. oblongispora and C. nodulata. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations, including scanning electron micrographs of hyphae and basidiospores are provided, as well a discussion on their taxonomy and geographic distribution.
Resumo Calvatia é um gênero de fungos gasteroides que compreende cerca de 47 espécies em todo o mundo. Neste artigo relatamos a segunda ocorrência de duas espécies pouco conhecidas de Calvatia, registradas no bioma Cerrado do Brasil: C. oblongispora e C. nodulata. Descrições morfológicas detalhadas e ilustrações são fornecidas, incluindo micrografias eletrônicas de varredura de hifas e basidiósporos, bem como uma discussão sobre sua taxonomia e distribuição geográfica.
RESUMO
Abstract Calvatia is a genus of gasteroid fungi, comprising about 47 species worldwide. In this paper we report the second worldwide occurrence of two poorly known species of Calvatia, recorded in the Cerrado biome of Brazil: C. oblongispora and C. nodulata. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations, including scanning electron micrographs of hyphae and basidiospores are provided, as well a discussion on their taxonomy and geographic distribution.
Resumo Calvatia é um gênero de fungos gasteroides que compreende cerca de 47 espécies em todo o mundo. Neste artigo relatamos a segunda ocorrência de duas espécies pouco conhecidas de Calvatia, registradas no bioma Cerrado do Brasil: C. oblongispora e C. nodulata. Descrições morfológicas detalhadas e ilustrações são fornecidas, incluindo micrografias eletrônicas de varredura de hifas e basidiósporos, bem como uma discussão sobre sua taxonomia e distribuição geográfica.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota , Agaricales , Esporos Fúngicos , Brasil , EcossistemaRESUMO
Two new Phallus species, P.cremeo-ochraceus and P.rigidiindusiatus were discovered in southwestern and southern China, respectively. Phalluscremeo-ochraceus is morphologically characterized by its cream to ochraceous receptacle, white to very slightly pinkish indusium, white to pinkish pseudostipe and white to slightly purplish pink volva. Phallusrigidiindusiatus is characterized by a white to yellowish white receptacle, a strongly rigid indusium usually without serrated margin and smaller basidiospores than those of P.serratus. Phylogenetic positions of the two species are located in two independent lineages respectively. Detailed descriptions, color photographs, illustrations and a key to the related species are presented.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Se registra por primera vez a Laternea pusilla para Colombia, un macrohongo que prolifera en un bosque húmedo montano bajo (bh-MB) de los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá, departamento de Cundinamarca. La especie es descrita e ilustrada con fotografías y se aporta información sobre su distribución, ecología y sustrato de crecimiento. Así, el género Laternea queda representado en el país por dos especies, L. triscapa y L. pusilla.
ABSTRACT Laternea pusilla is recorded for the first time in Colombia. Laternea pusilla is a macrofungi that occurs on a lower mountain humid rainforest (bh-MB) of the eastern hills of Bogota city, department of Cundinamarca. The species is described and illustrated with photographs, and information on distribution, ecology and growth substrate is provided. Thus, the genus Laternea is represented in the country by two species, L. triscapa and L. pusilla.
RESUMO
Phylogenetic relationships within the Phallales were estimated via combined sequences: nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (rpb2), and mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 (atp6). The ingroup is represented by 62 taxa comprising 18 genera and 44 species, including members of the Clathraceae, Claustulaceae, Gastrosporiaceae, Lysuraceae, Phallaceae and Protophallaceae. Sixty-one new sequences were generated, including tropical and subtropical taxa. This is one of the first studies discussing the phylogenetic placement of Abrachium, Aseroë, Blumenavia, Gastrosporium, Jansia and Xylophallus. Gastrosporiaceae was demonstrated to be sister to Phallaceae and an emended description of the order is presented. Aseroë was demonstrated to be polyphyletic and as a result, A. arachnoidea is transferred to Lysurus.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Filogenia , Sequência de Bases , Basidiomycota/genética , Basidiomycota/isolamento & purificação , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Carpóforos , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , RNA Polimerase II/genética , Subunidades Ribossômicas Maiores/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The genus Astraeus is shown to be even more complex than recent studies have found. There are problems defining what the molecular fingerprint is of the generic type species. The present article, based on molecular and morphological information and the classical literature, attempts to throw further light on these important ectomycorrhizal fungi. Our studies go part way in an endeavour to unravel the taxonomy and systematics of this genus, necessitating the recognition of at least three new species. Potential nomenclatural problems are also outlined.
RESUMO
Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de la publicaciones sobre macrohongos, en las cuales se identificaron especies de gasteromycetes de Guatemala, en un lapso de 60 años (1948 a 2008). En este período, solamente se documentaron 21 especies pertenecientes a 12 géneros, con un acumulado de 0.35 especies/año. Además, se presentan nuevas localidades para las especies citadas, como producto de la revisión de especimenes herborizados. Con estos datos se realizo un análisis de la distribución, hábitat y localidades de los géneros y especies, enfatizando la importancia de continuar el estudio tanto de distribución, como de ecología de este grupo de hongos.
Assuntos
Filogenia , FungosRESUMO
Recent collections of bird's nest fungi (i.e. Crucibulum, Cyathus, Mycocalia, Nidula, and Nidularia species) in northern Thailand resulted in the discovery of a new species of Cyathus, herein described as C. subglobisporus. This species is distinct by a combination of ivory-coloured fruiting bodies covered with shaggy hairs, plications on the inner surface of the peridium and subglobose basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA sequences using neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and weighted maximum parsimony support Cyathus subglobisporus as a distinct species and sister to a clade containing C. annulatus, C. renweii and C. stercoreus in the Striatum group.
